Advancements in Diagnostic Technologies for Coronary Heart Disease: A Theoretical and Comparative Review for Clinical Implementation

Abstract

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains one of the most pervasive and fatal cardiovascular conditions

globally. With millions of deaths attributed annually to CHD-related complications, accurate and early

diagnosis is paramount. Over the years, a range of diagnostic technologies—ranging from traditional

electrocardiography (ECG) to sophisticated imaging techniques like cardiac MRI—have evolved to meet

clinical needs. This paper provides a theoretical overview of current and emerging CHD diagnostic

technologies, highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations. It categorizes these technologies into

non-invasive, minimally invasive, and invasive methods and introduces a theoretical framework to assess

their clinical applicability based on accuracy, cost, accessibility, patient safety, and integration potential.

Finally, the study discusses challenges in technology adoption, proposes future directions for diagnostic

innovation, and suggests strategies for optimizing CHD diagnosis in clinical settings.