Constructing an Open-Data Triangulation Framework for Verifying Corporate Net-Zero Pledges using Remote Sensing and IoT Telemetry

• Abi cit

  Lautech

  Author

Abstract

Corporate net-zero pledges have proliferated globally, yet independent verification remains fragmented, relying predominantly on self-reported data subject to strategic misrepresentation. This study develops and validates an open-data triangulation framework that integrates satellite remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT) telemetry, and publicly available production data to independently verify corporate emissions reductions against pledged trajectories. Using a design-based research methodology, the framework was constructed through iterative integration of facility-level satellite CO₂ quantification, IoT sensor calibration algorithms, and asset-based production modeling. Validation against ground-truth Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) data from U.S. power facilities yielded 89.4% emission quantification accuracy at facility level, with anomaly detection achieving 91.2% precision in identifying discrepancies exceeding ±15% of reported figures. The framework successfully detected all 12 pre-identified misreporting cases in the validation sample (100% sensitivity) while maintaining 88.7% specificity. Key findings demonstrate that triangulated verification substantially outperforms single-source approaches, reducing false negative rates by 67% compared to satellite-only verification. The study concludes that open-data triangulation provides a technically feasible, economically viable mechanism for independent pledge verification, offering policymakers and stakeholders a replicable architecture for enhancing accountability in corporate climate governance.

• pdf

Copyright (c) 2026 Abi cit (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.